How did the Little Ice Age affect urban growth in Europe?

The correct choice highlights how the Little Ice Age, which spanned from roughly the 14th to the mid-19th century, had significant repercussions on agricultural productivity in Europe. As temperatures fell, the growing season was shortened, leading to crop failures and food shortages. This decline in agricultural output adversely affected rural populations, driving many people to migrate to urban centers in search of better opportunities. However, the decreased ability to sustain a growing population in cities due to food scarcity ultimately hindered urban growth.

While it is true that some urban areas might have experienced slight growth due to migration, the overall impact of the cooling climate was detrimental to the stability and expansion of cities, as food shortages could not support larger urban populations. This period led to increased competition for limited resources and often resulted in heightened social tensions. Thus, the response effectively captures the relationship between climatic conditions, agriculture, and urban development during this time in Europe.