What economic system emerged as a result of Enlightenment ideals and the Industrial Revolution?

The emergence of capitalism as a result of Enlightenment ideals and the Industrial Revolution reflects a significant shift in economic practices and philosophies during this period. Enlightenment thinkers emphasized individualism, freedom of choice, and the importance of private property—all foundational elements of capitalism. The belief in rational self-interest and competition, central tenets of capitalist theory, gained traction as societies moved towards more market-oriented economies.

The Industrial Revolution further catalyzed this shift by driving technological innovations and increasing production capacity. As factories emerged and urbanization accelerated, individuals began to participate more actively in the marketplace, leading to the rise of a consumer culture and the need for new economic structures that supported innovation, investment, and commerce.

In contrast to other economic systems like feudalism, which is characterized by a rigid hierarchical structure and land ownership, capitalism promotes economic mobility and the idea that wealth can be generated through entrepreneurship and trade. Similarly, socialism, while also shaped by Enlightenment ideas, represents a response to capitalism's inequalities rather than a direct result of it. Mercantilism, on the other hand, predates these developments and focused primarily on state control over trade and the accumulation of wealth through a favorable balance of exports over imports.

Overall, capitalism’s emergence was a logical