What factors contributed to the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century?

The decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century can be attributed significantly to military defeats and economic troubles. Throughout this period, the empire faced a series of military challenges, including defeats in various conflicts such as the Russo-Turkish War and wars with European powers. These military setbacks weakened the empire's control over its territories and diminished its power in the region.

In addition to military defeats, the Ottoman Empire struggled with economic issues, including rising debts, inflation, and competition from European industrial powers. The loss of traditional revenue sources and the inability to modernize the economy in the face of rapid industrialization in Europe further exacerbated these financial strains. As the empire became increasingly reliant on foreign loans and aid, it faced challenges in maintaining sovereignty and stability.

These combined factors of military challenges and economic hardships made it difficult for the Ottoman Empire to sustain itself, leading to its gradual decline during the 19th century.