What was one of the direct results of the population growth caused by agricultural advancements in Europe?

The expansion of cities and industrial labor as a direct result of agricultural advancements and population growth in Europe can be attributed to several interconnected factors. As agricultural practices improved, including innovations such as crop rotation, selective breeding, and the introduction of new crops from the Columbian Exchange, food production became more efficient. This increase in food supply led to a decline in famine and better overall nutrition, resulting in significant population growth.

With more people able to sustain themselves, there was a subsequent movement of populations from rural areas to urban centers, seeking employment and opportunities in burgeoning industries. This urbanization was driven by the need for labor in factories that arose during the Industrial Revolution, which was itself facilitated by these agricultural advancements. As cities expanded, they became centers of industrial activity, thereby leading to further economic development and growth.

This dynamic laid the groundwork for the modern workforce's shift from primarily agrarian roles to more industrial-focused jobs, highlighting the relationship between agricultural improvements, demographic changes, and urban industrial expansion in Europe during this period.