What was the primary role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?

The primary role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages was as a center of education and literacy. During this period, the Church was one of the few institutions that preserved knowledge and learning through the establishment of schools, particularly monastic schools and cathedral schools. Monks copied and preserved important texts, including religious, classical, and philosophical works, which contributed to the maintenance of literacy among the clergy and the elite. The Church also played a key role in educating the population about Christian doctrine and moral teachings, making it a central figure in the intellectual life of Europe.

While the Church did have significant political influence, particularly through its relationships with monarchs and the papacy's role in conflicts, its primary function revolved around spiritual guidance and education. The misconception that it served primarily as a political leader overlooks its foundational role in literacy and knowledge preservation that shaped society during the Middle Ages.