Which demographic was often scapegoated during times of social unrest in medieval Europe?

The Jewish population was often scapegoated during times of social unrest in medieval Europe due to a combination of social, economic, and religious factors. Jews were frequently marginalized in society and faced discrimination, which made them vulnerable during periods of crisis. Economic rivalries also played a significant role, as Jews were often engaged in moneylending and trade — occupations that could provoke resentment among the predominantly Christian population. When societal tensions arose, such as during famines, plagues, or economic downturns, they were often unjustly blamed for these misfortunes, leading to violence, expulsions, or persecution.

This pattern of scapegoating reflects broader societal dynamics in medieval Europe, where fear and prejudice contributed to social unrest and a search for a target to blame. Understanding these historical contexts can shed light on the recurring themes of intolerance and persecution throughout history.