Which empire extended its reach into the Balkan countries during the Middle Ages?

The Ottoman Empire is recognized for its significant expansion into the Balkan countries during the Middle Ages. Beginning in the late 13th century and peaking in the 15th and 16th centuries, the Ottomans established control over key territories in the Balkans, including present-day Greece, Bulgaria, and parts of Serbia and Hungary. This expansion was characterized by military conquests, strategic alliances, and the establishment of administrative structures that facilitated Ottoman governance in the region.

The Ottomans' presence in the Balkans had lasting impacts, including the promotion of trade, the spread of Islam, and cultural exchanges that shaped the social and political landscape of Southeastern Europe. The millet system, which allowed religious minorities to maintain a degree of administrative autonomy under Ottoman rule, also exemplified their governance strategy in the diverse Balkan populations. Thus, the Ottoman Empire's influence during this period is a crucial aspect of understanding the historical developments in the Balkans.