Which King was responsible for developing the first real bureaucracy in France?

Philip II of France is recognized for developing the first real bureaucracy in France. His reign marked a significant transformation in the administrative structure of the kingdom. By systematically organizing the governance of France, Philip II implemented a centralized system that enhanced the power of the monarchy and improved the efficiency of government operations.

During his rule, he established a network of royal officials known as "baillis" and "sénéchaux," who were responsible for managing various regions of the kingdom. This system enabled more effective tax collection, legal enforcement, and local administration, thereby strengthening royal authority and unifying the diverse territories of France under a centralized administration.

The reforms initiated by Philip II laid the groundwork for a more structured government that would evolve with subsequent monarchs, leading to a powerful and centralized state in France. His contributions to establishing a bureaucratic system were foundational for the development of later administrative practices within the French monarchy.