Which scientific theory was proposed by Copernicus during the Scientific Revolution?

The heliocentric theory proposed by Copernicus during the Scientific Revolution revolutionized the understanding of the universe by asserting that the sun, rather than the Earth, is at the center of the solar system. This was a significant shift from the prevailing geocentric model, which placed the Earth at the center and was widely accepted by scholars and the Church at the time. Copernicus's theory challenged long-held beliefs and laid the groundwork for further astronomical studies and discoveries by later scientists like Kepler and Galileo. The heliocentric theory not only transformed the scientific community's perspective but also had profound implications for philosophy, religion, and society as it encouraged a shift toward observation and evidence-based science.